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南昌大学谢明勇院士团队:多酚与细菌结合的健康益处

  • 2026-02-11 13:01:38
南昌大学谢明勇院士团队:多酚与细菌结合的健康益处

南昌大学谢明勇院士团队：多酚与细菌结合的健康益处

近日，南昌大学食品科学与资源挖掘全国重点实验室谢明勇院士团队在国际食品期刊《Food Bioscience》发表了题为“Health effects of polyphenols combined with bacteria from the perspective of gut microbiota”的综述论文。谢明勇院士和李琦琼助理研究员为共同通讯作者，YuhanLi为第一作者。
介绍
多酚是饮食中最常见的植物次生代谢物，广泛存在于水果、蔬菜、谷物、可可、茶叶、咖啡、葡萄酒等多种食物中。各类体外和体内研究表明，多酚具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌、抗肥胖、促凋亡等多种生物活性。此外，多项针对观察性研究和干预性研究的系统综述及荟萃分析均指出，摄入多酚对心血管疾病、2 型糖尿病和神经退行性疾病具有有益作用，或可降低慢性疾病的发病风险。
尽管存在地域、饮食和文化差异，但 2024 年人群每日多酚总摄入量（各类多酚含量之和）均值为 999±484 毫克 / 天。通过果蔬摄入的膳食多酚，通常以高分子量的糖苷或酯类形式存在，其吸收过程涉及口腔、胃、小肠、大肠等多个部位。多酚的代谢主要发生在小肠和结肠，其中约 20% 的多酚可在小肠直接被吸收，随后经血液进入肝脏，通过甲基化、葡糖醛酸化和硫酸化反应完成代谢。未被吸收的剩余多酚会随消化道内容物进入结肠，结肠微生物群对其进行的生物转化降解，占多酚整体代谢过程的比例高达 70%，并生成多种具有生物活性的低分子量代谢产物。
饮食、基因及疾病状态的作用，造就了个体间存在差异的肠道菌群结构。这也导致研究发现，不同个体对多酚的应答存在显著差异，最终产生的代谢结果各不相同。有研究根据受试者生成特定代谢产物的浓度能力（低产型与高产型），将其划分为三种代谢表型；同时还发现，不同代谢表型中富集的特征菌株分别为Eggerthella lenta、Adlercreutzia equolifaciens, 和Flavonifractor plautii，这表明多酚底物的细菌降解过程与肠道菌群密切相关。另有研究依据代谢速率将个体分为快速转化型和慢速转化型，研究发现，肠道微生物群落中含有具备相应多酚代谢能力的菌株，是多酚能被更快降解的原因。此外，多酚的肠道微生物代谢产物还具有健康益处：4 - 羟基苯乙酸作为多酚的一种肠道微生物代谢产物，能够减轻高脂饮食对小鼠造成的身体负担。基于上述研究证据可知，多酚可被肠道菌群利用并生成能被肠上皮细胞吸收的低分子量代谢产物，进而提升多酚的生物利用度。据此我们提出假说：同时摄入多酚与经验证具备相关酶解能力的肠道菌株（如参与黄酮类物质分解代谢的普氏黄杆菌），或可提高多酚的生物利用度。与此同时，多酚还能调控肠道菌群结构、抑制有害菌的生长，从而增强机体对致病菌的定植抵抗能力。
近年来，探索益生元、合生元（益生元与益生菌的组合，如多酚与益生菌）和后生元（对宿主健康有益的无生命微生物及其代谢成分）的疾病预防与治疗作用已成为研究新趋势。根据国际益生菌和益生元科学协会 2017 年和 2020 年的共识声明，目前多酚尚未被严格归为益生元类别，但大量科学证据证实其具备有益健康的作用，且被摄入的多酚可通过增加有益菌丰度来改变肠道菌群结构，发挥类益生元的作用。因此，多篇综述提出可将多酚归为一类新型益生元。合生元在严格意义上指活微生物与宿主有益微生物可选择性利用的底物的混合物，上述共识还指出，若微生物成分与难消化底物的组合能共同发挥健康益处，则该组合可被归为合生元，这一观点为合生元配方的持续创新提供了理论支撑。肠道菌群可降解多酚，生成苯 -γ- 戊内酯及其相关苯戊酸类物质。关于多酚与肠道菌群相互作用的研究表明，二者结合能产生健康协同的积极效应。尽管目前针对具有此类协同效应的特定多酚 - 细菌组合的研究仍较为有限，但多酚的类益生元作用、多酚与肠道菌群间的相互依存关系，恰好契合多酚基合生元组合的构建逻辑，因此该类组合在最大化发挥健康功效方面具有巨大潜力。受文献中 “多酚基益生元与合生元” 这一表述的启发，本文提出polyphenol-biotics这一新术语，用以替代此前的 “类多酚基合生元” 表述，该术语的设立旨在将此类组合与严格意义上的益生元、合生元作出明确区分。
补充polyphenol-biotics可避免因个体差异导致功能菌群缺乏，进而使多酚无法被吸收代谢的问题，确保该类补充剂在更广泛人群中发挥效用。鉴于个体差异的存在，确定polyphenol-biotics的组合形式及微生物摄入量至关重要，这是实现多酚有效转化并进一步吸收、最终促进健康的关键。部分制造商（如 BioFaith Ferment®）已尝试在口服益生菌中添加益生元与后生元，以构建多维度的微生态菌群平衡（详见网址：https://www.sunseasons.com/ingredients/postbioics.html）。
目前，绝大多数研究与应用均聚焦于益生菌的活性提升、功能挖掘及制备技术研发。但益生菌相关补充剂仍面临诸多挑战，如长期食用的临床证据尚不充分、监管管理体系有待完善等。本文全面综述了polyphenol-biotics在改善健康及干预疾病方面的研究现状，并深入探讨了多酚与功能菌群之间的双向调控作用。本研究旨在在安全应用的前提下，依托该双向调控机制，以类合生元形式最大化发挥多酚摄入的健康功效。
结论与展望
近年来，多酚与益生菌的相互作用及其对肠道菌群的调控效应，已成为营养学、微生物学和医学领域的研究热点。本文结合益生菌补充剂的市场现状与监管情况，系统阐释了多酚与功能菌群间的双向调控机制，并总结了polyphenol-biotics在实际应用中的场景与面临的挑战。目前，针对多酚与细菌组合所产生的健康益处，尚未形成如同合生元那般精准的定义，为此本文引入相关概念并提出 “polyphenol-biotics” 这一术语，用以描述此类联合干预方式。polyphenol-biotics可弥补因个体差异导致的多酚利用率偏低的短板，同时降低益生菌补充剂在消化过程中失活的可能性，因而具备良好的应用前景与市场消费潜力。鉴于当前对益生菌菌株的功能有效性、合生元的有效剂量等指标缺乏统一的评估标准，本文特此呼吁为polyphenol-biotics制定行业共识与规范准则，为其市场推广及在精准医学领域的应用提供支撑。
图文赏析
Fig. 1. Intestinal transformation of polyphenols. The number of bacteria varies among different locations of the digestive tract. After ingestion of polyphenol-rich foods, they are released in the mouth and stomach, partially absorbed in the small intestine. Most polyphenols are digested and metabolized in the colon. For example, the microbial conversion of quercetin-4′-o-glucoside produces metabolic products, such as 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (OPAC), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (PCA), as shown in the figure.
Fig. 2. Strains and enzymes involved in polyphenol degradation metabolism in the colon. For example, quercetin-3-glucoside (left) and quercetin-7-O-rhamnoside (right) are shown in the figure.
Fig. 3. Bidirectional regulation between polyphenols and functional bacteria. Polyphenols modulate gut microbiota by regulating the composition of the microbiome, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria, and modulating the host immunological response. Gut microbiota modulates polyphenols by regulating of polyphenol-metabolizing bacteria to secrete metabolic enzymes, and producing low-molecule-weight metabolites.
Fig. 4. Challenges of polyphenol-biotics products. The research mechanism of the impact of polyphenols and functional bacteria on disease, and the regulation between the gut-brain axis, gut-liver axis and gut-heart axis is not clear yet. The microbial metabolism of polyphenols has obvious individual differences, and the different composition of the gut microbiota leads to different polyphenol conversion and metabolism rates. In the production of probiotic preparations, there is a lack of standardized production and quality management norms as a guideline. In terms of market and regulation, there is no standard to describe the applicable population, and lack of mandatory laws.
原文链接
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107930
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迅江科技赴江西省南昌市考察合作|携手国家级科研平台,共启中医药及大健康项目成果转化新征程

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000495s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=aa460;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000616s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000286s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.003335s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000489s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000200s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000484s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 468485 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000739s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1770876280 WHERE `id` = 468485 [ RunTime:0.022597s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 64 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.006287s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 468485 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000506s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 468485 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000572s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 468485 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.003105s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 468485 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.001392s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 468485 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.002145s ]
0.113259s