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南昌大学先进制造学院聚合物加工实验室:湿热环境下纳米粒子改性环氧树脂CFRP层合板弯曲性能

  • 2026-03-23 21:01:55
南昌大学先进制造学院聚合物加工实验室:湿热环境下纳米粒子改性环氧树脂CFRP层合板弯曲性能

湿热环境下纳米粒子改性环氧树脂CFRP层合板弯曲性能

郭子仁1,赖家美1 ,刘翔2,徐俊杰1,许宣慧1

1.南昌大学先进制造学院聚合物加工实验室,南昌 330031;2.奇瑞汽车股份有限公司,安徽芜湖 241006 )

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3539.2025.11.023

摘 要:针对湿热环境下碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料(CFRP)层合板弯曲性能退化以及纳米粒子分散性差的问题,采用KH570偶联剂改性二氧化硅(KH570-SiO2)和羧基化多壁碳纳米管(COOH-MWCNTs)纳米粒子改性环氧树脂制备改性层压板,在两种湿热条件下(25 ℃/85%RH和70 ℃/85%RH)分析了改性层合板吸湿率、微观形貌和弯曲性能的变化情况。结果表明,相较于未改性树脂CFRP层合板对照组,在吸湿情况方面,同一湿热环境下,KH570-SiO2和COOH-MWCNTs粒子改性树脂层合板的吸湿率均出现下降,COOH-MWCNTs粒子的阻湿效果更佳。在微观结构方面,经纳米粒子改性后,湿热后材料的溶胀损伤、空隙和脱黏现象都有所减少,同种环境下,COOH-MWCNTs粒子改性材料损伤情况更轻。在弯曲性能方面,KH570-SiO2和COOH-MWCNTs粒子改性树脂层合板同种环境下的弯曲性能均有所提高,同一环境状态下,COOH-MWCNTs粒子的提升效果更好,KH570-SiO2粒子次之。
关键词:湿热老化; 碳纤维增强复合材料; 纳米粒子改性; 环氧树脂; 弯曲性能
与传统金属材料相比,碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料(CFRP)具有高比强度、高比模量、轻量化等[1]优异性能,因此在近些年来已经广泛地应用在土木建材、航空航天[2]、汽车工业等诸多领域[3-5]。CFRP层合板对于所处环境非常敏感,湿、热、盐雾、风沙和紫外线等环境因素都会对层合板性能造成一定影响[6-8]。其中,最主要的是湿和热对材料的老化作用,这会对材料性能造成直接影响[9]。尽管CFRP材料具有耐高温的良好性能,但并不意味着在长时间湿热环境下材料不会出现老化现象,特别是在高温高湿环境下[10]该现象会更加明显。通过国内外众多学者研究发现,湿热环境对CFRP材料的影响非常大,而在极端的环境下材料性能下降幅度会更大[11]
许多研究[12-15]表明在湿热环境下材料的力学性能都呈下降趋势。为减小湿热环境对CFRP材料性能的影响,大量学者选择对CFRP材料进行改性处理[16]以延缓材料老化速度。Rodríguez-gonzález等[17]发现CFRP经多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)改性后在湿热环境中的层间断裂韧性有所提高,其中Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型层间断裂韧性分别提高了39%和4%。Kara等[18]的研究表明在湿热环境中添加了MWCNTs粒子的CFRP层合板切向拉伸强度和纵向抗拉伸强度都有所提高。Sergi等[19]研究发现MWCNTs粒子的引入使得CFRP层合板在不同温度环境下(-40 ℃和80 ℃)的残余应力都有所提高。Yang等[20]研究了不同湿热老化条件(水浸泡、酸浸泡和碱浸泡)下纳米填料(MWCNTs粒子和纳米黏土)对CFRP层合板拉伸和弯曲性能的影响,发现添加纳米填料后,CFRP层合板性能退化趋势得到延缓。类似地,Shettar等[21]指出添加纳米黏土能够降低湿热老化后材料拉伸和弯曲强度衰减的百分比。
但现有工作多集中于报道单一填料的宏观增强效果,对不同改性机理在抵御湿热老化方面的系统性对比与深层机理研究尚显不足。并且由于纳米粒子SiO2和MWCNTs在聚合物基体中难以实现均匀且稳定的分散,所以通过表面改性手段提高粒子的分散效果以增强其抗湿热老化性能。本研究,采用KH570偶联剂改性二氧化硅(KH570-SiO2)和羧基化多壁碳纳米管(COOH-MWCNTs)纳米粒子改性环氧树脂,分析了改性组层合板的吸湿、微观形貌和弯曲性能情况,并与未改性对照组数据进行对比,系统阐明了KH570-SiO2和COOH-MWCNTs纳米粒子提高CFRP层合板弯曲性能的规律。

1实验部分

1.1主要原材料

单轴向碳纤维(L300)、环氧树脂(R688)、固化剂(H326)、脱模布(PP-85WB)、真空导流管(TB-1012)、螺旋管(SW-1012):厦门维曼材料科技有限公司;
脱膜蜡:FK333,美国Finish Kare用品公司;
导流网(VI160)、真空袋膜(Vac Film 400Y):上海沥高科技有限公司。

1.2仪器及设备

数控水刀:HSQ3020,南京和展精密技术有限公司;
电子天平:FR-2605,上海发瑞仪器科技有限公司;
恒温恒压湿热箱:R-TH-100,瑞凯环境检测仪器有限公司;
双频数控超声波清洗机:KQ-100VDV,昆山市超声仪器有限公司;
高分辨场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM):Apreo 2S HiVac,美国Thermo Scientific公司;
超景深三维光学显微镜:VHX-6000,日本Keyence公司;
微机控制电子万能实验机:WDW-5M,济南立领试验机有限公司。

1.3试样制备

根据纳米粒子分散性、化学反应活性和力学性能等情况进行综合考虑,选取KH570偶联剂改性二氧化硅(KH570-SiO2)和羧基化多壁碳纳米管(COOH-MWCNTs)纳米粒子改性环氧树脂,并且在环氧树脂中的质量分数均为0.3%。虽然KH570-SiO2和COOH-MWCNTs粒子的分散性较好,但纳米粒子的物理团聚性较强,为确保粒子在树脂混合液中分散均匀,仍需要采用一定方法进行处理。树脂混合液的配置过程如下,首先在环氧树脂中加入分为三等分的纳米粒子,使用高速剪切仪和双频数控超声波清洗器使纳米粒子在树脂中分散均匀,每隔20 min加入三等分的纳米粒子,高速剪切和超频振荡分别总计60 min,分散完立刻注入纤维型腔中。
采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑(VARTM)工艺制备CFRP层合板。铺层顺序为[0/45/90/-45/90/0]2 s。制备流程主要包括:在模具上涂覆脱模剂、铺设纤维预成型体、覆盖脱模布与导流网、封装真空袋并注入环氧树脂与固化剂。其中环氧树脂与固化剂通过电子天平称量实现质量比为5:1。待室温固化48 h后,依据ASTM D7264-2021,使用数控水刀将层合板切割为140 mm×13 mm×3.6 mm的弯曲试样。

1.4测试与表征

1.4.1湿热试验
根据ASTM D5229-2020进行。CFRP层合板试样在70 ℃下烘干至恒重后,记录其初始质量(m0)。随后,将试样置于恒温恒湿环境箱(图1)中,分别设置两种不同的湿热环境,25 ℃/相对湿度(RH)85%与70 ℃/85%RH,进行吸湿实验。每组环境设置10组平行试样,使用精密分析天平定期测量其质量变化。当连续两次称重的质量变化率低于0.01%时,即认为试样已达到吸湿平衡。
图1恒温恒湿环境箱Fig. 1Constant temperature and humidity environment chamber
在湿热过程中,CFRP层合板的吸湿扩散情况符合Fick定律中的非线性拟合曲线,其中,层合板各时刻吸湿率(Mt)符合函数公式(1)
(1)
式中:h为层合板厚度;M为层合板达到吸湿平衡时的吸湿率;Dtt时刻的扩散系数。
1.4.2弯曲性能测试
图2所示用电子万能实验机进行弯曲实验。根据ASTM D7264,实验加载速度选用2 mm/min,层合板跨厚比为32,长度≥1.2倍跨距。使用数控水刀将CFRP层合板切割为140 mm×13 mm×3.6 mm的标准弯曲试样。其中,层合板的弯曲强度符合式(2)
图2湿热老化后弯曲试验Fig. 2Bending test after hygrothermal aging
(2)
式中:σf为CFRP层合板的弯曲强度,单位为MPa;PMax为弯曲过程中的最大破坏载荷,单位为N;L为跨距,bh分别为层合板的宽度和厚度,单位均为mm。
1.4.3微观形貌分析
采用SEM和超景深三维光学显微镜对湿热试验和弯曲实验后试样进行表面观测。

2结果与讨论

2.1吸湿情况分析

图3为三组CFRP层合板在不同湿热环境下吸湿率随时间平方根变化的拟合曲线图,其中水分子在层合板中的扩散过程均基本符合Fick定律,大体上分为三个阶段。以未加粒子对照组为例,如图3a所示,第一阶段为快速扩散阶段,在湿热初期,整体的水分几乎都挥发出去,层合板为干燥状态。水分子会迅速向CFRP层合板表面吸附,并且沿着内部空隙快速扩散填充。其中,空隙是树脂在固化过程中由化学收缩应力和物理收缩热应力引起的。第二阶段为缓慢扩散阶段,当表面层相对饱和时,水分通过纤维和树脂之间的界面层渗透入材料内部,并且树脂内部存在一些水溶性无机物杂质,与水分子反应时会造成渗透压而产生新的微裂纹,水分子将继续沿着新生成的内部微裂纹渗透填充。第三阶段为扩散平衡阶段,随着湿热老化时间的推移,水分子在层合板内部渗入的速度与排出的速度相接近,此时达到吸湿平衡状态。
图3拟合之后的吸湿率与老化时间的函数曲线Fig. 3Hygroscopicity as a function of aging time after fitting
图3三组CFRP层合板的Fick曲线可以看出,温度对层合板的吸湿情况影响非常大,相比于在25 ℃/85%RH湿热环境下,在70 ℃/85%RH湿热环境下的层合板吸湿速率更快,平衡吸湿率也更高。其中未改性CFRP在25 ℃/85%RH和70 ℃/85%RH下的吸湿率分别为0.388%和0.749%,温度升高使吸湿率显著增加。
表1为各组样品拟合迭代后的参数。从表1中CFRP层合板的吸湿率可以看出,CFRP层合板经过25 ℃/85%RH,70 ℃/85%RH湿热环境处理,随着温度从25 ℃提高到70 ℃时,未加粒子对照组吸湿率提高了93.04%,加入KH570-SiO2粒子和COOH-MWCNTs粒子改性的层合板也分别提高了96.48%和104%。这是因为在高温环境下,水分子活跃程度增强,运动速度加快,更容易向层合板内部进行扩散。其次,在高温高湿环境下,层合板内部树脂和树脂-纤维之间的损伤更大,水分会向新的损伤区域进行富集,这会增加富集区域的渗透压,容易导致该区域沿着碳纤维丝的方向生成微小裂纹,使得水分更容易渗入层合板。

表1各组样品拟合迭代之后的参数Tab. 1Parameters after fitting iterations for each group of samples

结合图3表1得出:相比于未改性树脂CFRP层合板对照组,KH570-SiO2粒子改性树脂层合板在25 ℃/85%RH,70 ℃/85%RH湿热环境下的吸湿率分别降低了19.33%,17.89%。COOH-MWCNTs粒子改性的吸湿率则分别降低了29.12%,25.10%。说明KH570-SiO2和COOH-MWCNTs粒子均能阻碍水分在CFRP层合板中的扩散,并且COOH-MWCNTs粒子的阻碍效果更好,且在常温湿热环境下抑制效果更佳。
这是因为KH570-SiO2粒子和COOH-MWCNTs粒子几乎不受水分子影响,而水分子在沿着厚度方向进行扩散时,纳米粒子会阻碍水分子的扩散进程,延长水分子的扩散路径,从而降低层合板的吸湿率。而在高温环境下,水分子扩散速率几乎成倍增加,树脂和树脂-纤维之间的损伤也过于严重,纳米粒子抑制水分子扩散的效果有限所以在室温环境下纳米粒子抑制水分子的扩散效果会较好。而相较于KH570-SiO2粒子,经过羧基化处理的MWCNTs粒子不仅能够改善粒子与树脂之间的界面相容性,提高粒子在树脂中的分散性,还能抑制树脂固化收缩速率,更大程度上减少内部空隙,从而吸湿率降低得也更多。

2.2吸湿扩散机制

图4为CFRP层合板在湿热环境中的吸湿扩散机制,左边部分为未改性树脂的层合板,中间部分为KH570-SiO2粒子改性树脂的层合板,右边部分为COOH-MWCNTs粒子改性树脂的层合板。通过VARTM成型工艺制备的CFRP层合板内部不可避免地会出现一定的缺陷,比如空隙,即gap区域。在湿热过程中,CFRP层合板的吸湿扩散情况近似为沿着厚度方向的一维单向扩散过程,当水分子从表面层渗透进入层合板内部时,水分子会优先沿着内部的缺陷进行快速地扩散行动,而KH570-SiO2和COOH-MWCNTs粒子改性树脂后,减少了层合板内部的空隙,并且当水分子在扩散过程中碰到KH570-SiO2和COOH-MWCNTs粒子时,水分子的运动会受挫,延长水分子在内部的扩散路径,从而降低层合板的吸湿率。
图4CFRP层合板在湿热环境中的吸湿扩散机制Fig. 4Moisture absorption and diffusion mechanism of CFRP laminates under hygrothermal environment

2.3微观形貌分析

在不同湿热环境下,未改性CFRP层合板内部树脂和树脂-纤维之间的微观形貌情况如图5所示。未经过湿热处理时,层合板内部的树脂将纤维包裹,无溶胀损伤,仅有一些制备过程中产生的空隙,这些缺陷是水分渗透过程中的快速扩散通道。而经过湿热处理,树脂区域均有一部分出现溶胀现象,并且温度从25 ℃升高到70 ℃时,树脂-纤维区域出现很大部分的脱黏现象,这些现象主要归因于水分子侵入后对聚合物链间次价键的破坏所引发的塑化效应[22]以及由此产生的湿热应力,同时这些湿热环境产生的缺陷会使水分子在层合板内部的富集程度加重。
图5未改性CFRP层合板在不同环境下的SEM照片Fig. 5SEM photos of unmodified CFRP laminates under different environments
不同湿热环境下,KH570-SiO2粒子改性树脂CFRP层合板内部树脂和树脂-纤维之间的微观形貌情况,如图6所示。在未湿热处理时,树脂在纤维周围的富集程度增加,与未改性相比空隙有所减少。经过湿热处理,树脂区域的溶胀损伤与未改性相比更少,树脂-纤维区域均有一部分仍连接紧密,尽管KH570-SiO2粒子可以有效地钉扎住聚合物分子链,限制其运动,从而提高玻璃化转变温度,提高CFRP层合板的热稳定性,但湿热造成的损伤仍然很大。
图6KH570-SiO2粒子改性树脂CFRP层合板在不同环境下的SEM照片Fig. 6SEM photos of KH570-SiO2 particle-modified resin CFRP laminates under different environments
不同湿热环境下,COOH-MWCNTs粒子改性树脂CFRP层合板内部树脂和树脂-纤维之间的微观形貌情况,如图7所示。未湿热处理时,树脂-纤维之间几乎没有空隙。三种材料中孔隙率排序为未改性>KH570-SiO2粒子改性>COOH-MWCNTs粒子改性。
图7COOH-MWCNTs粒子改性树脂CFRP层合板在不同环境下的SEM照片Fig. 7SEM photos of COOH-MWCNTs particle-modified resin CFRP laminates under different environments
这是因为KH570-SiO2粒子表面甲基丙烯酰氧基和COOH-MWCNTs粒子表面的羧基官能团均能改善粒子与树脂之间的界面相容性[23]。但两种粒子改善孔隙率的原理有所差异:KH570-SiO₂粒子中硅烷剂偶联中的甲氧基硅烷基团能够与SiO2粒子表面的羟基发生水解缩合反应[24],形成牢固的Si—O—Si共价键,从而将偶联剂锚定在粒子表面,改善其表面性能,提高在树脂中的分散性,减少树脂中的气泡,从而使层合板的空隙减少。而COOH-MWCNTs则表现更优,这源于其两个独特优势:其一,COOH-MWCNTs具有纤维状形态和高长径比,能在基体中形成三维网络结构,极大延长水汽和氧气的扩散路径,起到优异的物理阻隔作用,抑制了孔隙的生成与扩展;其二,其表面的羧基官能团与环氧树脂体系形成了化学交联点,这不仅增强了界面结合,还可能优化了固化过程的流动性,从而实现了最致密的微观结构,获得了最低的孔隙率。
综上,纳米粒子改性树脂后,层合板内部树脂-纤维之间的性能在未经过湿热处理、经过25 ℃/85%RH和70 ℃/85%RH湿热环境处理三种情况下均有所改善;并且在同一环境状态下,COOH-MWCNTs粒子改性树脂层合板内部树脂-纤维之间的界面情况更好,KH570-SiO2粒子改性树脂层合板内部树脂-纤维之间的界面情况次之。

2.4湿热后弯曲性能研究

经过弯曲实验后,CFRP层合板的失效主要由三种典型的损伤模式主导:基体损伤、分层损伤与纤维损伤[25],如图8所示。这些模式的演化呈现为一个清晰的渐进过程:首先,弯曲载荷在树脂基体及纤维/基体界面处引发应力集中,导致基体微开裂与界面脱黏;继而,这些初始损伤作为裂纹源,在层间剪切应力的驱动下扩展、合并,最终引发层间开裂与分层;最终,大规模的分层导致载荷重新分配,使纤维承受的局部应力急剧升高,当达到其承载极限时,便发生纤维断裂,在试样的压缩侧则可观察到由纤维微屈曲引发的压缩溃散。
图8CFRP层合板弯曲损伤中心区的超景深三维显微形貌Fig. 8Deep-depth three-dimensional microscopic morphology of bending damage central region of CFRP laminates
图9表示了未改性、KH570-SiO2粒子改性树脂、COOH-MWCNTs粒子改性树脂CFRP层合板在不同湿热环境下的载荷-位移曲线和弯曲强度,相较于未经过湿热处理的层合板,经过25 ℃/85%RH和70 ℃/85%RH湿热环境处理,未改性、KH570-SiO2粒子改性树脂、COOH-MWCNTs粒子改性树脂层合板的弯曲性能分别下降了13.48%和27.56%、9.75%和18.85%、6.06%和13.49%。经过湿热处理,CFRP层合板内部树脂和树脂-纤维之间出现的损伤会严重影响界面强度,从而降低层合板的弯曲性能;并且随着温度的上升,层合板的弯曲性能下降更多。
图9各组样品的载荷-位移曲线和弯曲强度Fig. 9Load-displacement curves and bending strength of each group of samples
通过对比图9d、图9e发现,相较于未改性树脂层合板对照组,KH570-SiO2粒子改性树脂CFRP层合板在未经过湿热处理、经过25 ℃/85%RH和70 ℃/85%RH湿热环境处理的弯曲强度分别提高了4.81%,9.33%和17.42%。即在同一湿热环境状态下,KH570-SiO2粒子改性树脂能够提高CFRP层合板的弯曲性能。通过对比图9d,f发现相较于未改性树脂CFRP层合板对照组,COOH-MWCNTs粒子改性树脂层合板在未经过湿热处理、经过25 ℃/85%RH和70 ℃/85%RH湿热环境处理的弯曲强度分别提高了8.55%,17.86%和29.63%。这是因为KH570偶联剂和经过羧基化处理的MWCNTs粒子不仅均能改善粒子与树脂之间的界面相容性,提高层合板界面性能,还能提高粒子在树脂中的分散性,减小层合板的空隙,降低内部应力集中现象,从而提高了层合板的弯曲性能。
通过图9e、图9f的对比,可以看出,与KH570-SiO2粒子改性树脂相比,COOH-MWCNTs粒子改性树脂CFRP层合板在未经过湿热环境处理、经过25 ℃/85%和70 ℃/85%湿热环境处理的弯曲性能提高了3.56%,7.80%和10.39%。随着湿热程度增加,两种CFRP层合板弯曲性能相差增大。说明相较于KH570-SiO2粒子,COOH-MWCNTs粒子改性树脂层合板弯曲性能更好。这是因为两种粒子提高材料弯曲性能的原理不同,KH570-SiO2粒子通过KH570中的甲基丙烯酰氧基使亲水的SiO₂变得疏水,阻碍水分扩散,降低内部水分含量,树脂溶胀现象得到抑制,降低了界面层的损伤,并抑制裂纹扩展[26],从而抑制分层扩展损伤,提高层合板的弯曲性能。而经过羧基化处理的MWCNTs粒子则是一方面通过独特的一维纤维状结构使得层合板在承受弯曲载荷时能更有效地桥接裂纹并传递应力,抑制裂纹扩展;另一方面羧基与环氧树脂基体形成的共价键界面,提供了更强的界面结合,进而改善树脂的热稳定性,从而延缓树脂固化收缩,减少CFRP层合板内部的空隙。并且经过羧基化处理后的MWCNTs粒子具有良好的柔韧性和力学性能,能够抑制弯曲过程中的分层损伤,阻碍分层损伤的扩展路径,进而提高层合板的弯曲性能。
综上,KH570-SiO2粒子改性树脂后,主要通过物理锚固加强界面强度,填充内部空隙,减少应力集中现象;而COOH-MWCNTs粒子则展现出协同增强效应:一方面其纤维状网络和强化学键合在加强界面和减少空隙方面更为高效;另一方面,其刚性骨架对降低树脂固化收缩总量、抵抗内应力的作用更为显著。上述机理共同导致COOH-MWCNTs对层合板弯曲性能的提升幅度更为突出。

3结论

探究了湿热环境(25 ℃/85%RH,70 ℃/85%RH)对CFRP层合板吸湿行为、微观形貌及弯曲性能的影响,并采用KH570-SiO2和COOH-MWCNTs纳米粒子改性环氧树脂以提升其性能。结果表明:
(1)吸湿率。未改性CFRP在25 ℃/85%RH和70 ℃/85%RH下的吸湿率分别为0.388%和0.749%,温度升高使吸湿率显著增加。KH570-SiO₂和COOH-MWCNTs改性后,吸湿率分别降低19.33%,29.12%和17.89%,25.10%,表明纳米粒子可有效抑制水分扩散,且COOH-MWCNTs效果更优。
(2)微观结构。湿热环境导致未改性CFRP树脂溶胀和纤维-树脂界面脱黏,高温加剧损伤。纳米改性后,界面结合增强,其中COOH-MWCNTs改性样品的界面完整性最佳。
(3)弯曲性能。湿热环境使未改性CFRP弯曲强度下降13.48%(25 ℃)和27.56%(70 ℃)。KH570-SiO₂和COOH-MWCNTs改性后,弯曲强度分别提升4.81%,17.86%和8.55%,29.63%,表明COOH-MWCNTs对力学性能的改善更显著,KH570-SiO₂次之。

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Bending behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates enhanced by nanoparticle-modified epoxy resin under hygrothermal conditions

GUO Ziren1,LAI Jiamei1 ,LIU Xiang2,XU Junjie1,XU Xuanhui1

1.Polymer Processing Research Lab,School of Advanced Manufacturing,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;2.Chery Automobile Co.,Ltd., Wuhu 241006,China )

Abstract: To address the issues of degraded bending performance and poor dispersion of nanoparticles in carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites (CFRP) laminates under wet and hot conditions,modified laminates were fabricated by incorporating KH570 coupling agent modified silica (KH570-SiO2) and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNTs) nanoparticles into epoxy resin. The changes in moisture absorption rate,microstructure and bending performance of modified laminated plates were analyzed under two wet and hot conditions (25 ℃/85%RH and 70 ℃/85%RH). Results demonstrate that compared with the control group of unmodified resin CFRP laminates,in terms of moisture absorption,under the same wet and hot environment,the moisture absorption rates of both modified resin laminates decreased,and the moisture barrier effect of COOH-MWCNTs particles was better. Microstructural analysis reveals that after the addition of nanoparticles,the swelling damage,voids and debinding phenomena of the material after wet heat are all reduced. Under the same environment,the damage of the COOH-MWCNTs particle-modified material is less severe. The bending properties of the two modified resin laminates under the same environment were both improved. Under the same environmental conditions,the improvement effect of COOH-MWCNTs particles was better,followed by KH570-SiO2 particles.
Keywords: hydrothermal agingcarbon fiber reinforced compositenanoparticle modificationepoxy resinflexural properties

引用本文:郭子仁,赖家美,刘翔,等.湿热环境下纳米粒子改性环氧树脂CFRP层合板弯曲性能[J].工程塑料应用,2025,53(11):167-175.(GUO Ziren,LAI Jiamei,LIU Xiang,et al. Bending behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates enhanced by nanoparticle-modified epoxy resin under hygrothermal conditions[J]. Engineering Plastics Application,2025,53(11):167-175.)

通讯作者:赖家美,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为聚合物基复合材料

基金信息:国家自然科学基金项目(51763016)

中图分类号:TB332

文章编号:()

文献标识码:A

收稿日期:2025-09-11

出版日期:2025-11-10

网刊发布日期:2025-12-25

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000376s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=aa460;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000515s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000250s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000232s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000446s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000658s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000526s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 479045 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.005112s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1776516673 WHERE `id` = 479045 [ RunTime:0.161994s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 64 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000475s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 479045 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000624s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 479045 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000386s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 479045 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.000715s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 479045 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.001835s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 479045 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.002288s ]
0.244843s